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Udaka Sutta

Monks, although Udaka Rāmaputta claimed to be a master of knowledge and a supreme conqueror, he was not. Though he said that he had not excised the tumour’s root, he had not.

How is one a master of knowledge? When a monk understands as it really is the origin, cessation, satisfaction, danger, and escape regarding the six sense bases, then he is a master of knowledge and a supreme conqueror.

What is the tumour? This body comprised of the four elements and nourished by physical food, subject to impermanence and breaking up.

What is the tumour’s root? Craving is the tumour’s root. When a monk has destroyed craving, making it like a palm-tree stump, then he has excised the tumour’s root. S.iv.82